Freight class is a standardized classification system used to determine the transportability of goods. It is a critical factor in calculating freight rates for shipments, especially in LCL shipping. The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) assigns freight classes based on four factors: density, stowability, handling, and liability.
Freight class is determined through the weight, dimensions, and density of the cargo, as well as its ease of handling, stowability, and the risk it poses in terms of liability (theft, damage, or breakage). There are 18 different classes, ranging from class 50 to class 500. Lower classes represent denser and less expensive freight, while higher classes are lighter but more expensive to ship.
Freight class is important because it directly impacts the cost of shipping. Carriers use freight class to assess their risk and determine shipping charges. Accurately determining the freight class ensures that shippers receive fair and consistent pricing. Incorrect classification can lead to additional charges or delays in shipping if the carrier needs to re-classify the goods upon inspection.
Challenges in freight classification include determining the correct class for mixed shipments or items that do not easily fit into a specific category. Inaccuracies in weight and size measurements can lead to misclassification, resulting in higher costs. Shippers need to be precise in their documentation and familiar with NMFTA guidelines to avoid these issues.
Shippers can ensure accurate freight classification by using tools like density calculators and consulting NMFTA guidelines or working with experienced freight brokers who can provide expertise in logistics and freight classification. Regular training for logistics personnel on freight classification standards and changes in regulations or carrier policies can also help maintain accuracy in shipping documentation.
